February 26–March 1, 2007, PITTCON® 2007, Chicago, IL

n-Dimensional MAP Chromatography: Virtual Resolution of Components Based on Orthogonal Chromatographic Methods NDMC

Mike McBrien, Alexey Galin, Vitaly Lashin, Andrey Vazhentsev

Abstract

2D chromatography has allowed chromatographers to utilize multiple selectivities independently, resulting in a resolving power unattainable in 1D separations. Applications of chromatography with greater dimensionality than two have rarely been reported, for theoretical and practical reasons. Recently, chemometric techniques for peak matching across chromatographic runs have enabled the exploitation of complementary retention mechanisms using conventional instrumentation. Hyphenated detection (i.e., LC/UV/MS) has been shown to be effective in tracking chromatographic peaks in the same sample across different chromatograms when used in conjunction with chemometric techniques such as Mutual Automated Peak matching (MAP). When these data have been collected under orthogonal chromatographic conditions, two components that co-elute in one system have an excellent chance of being at least partially resolved in the second system. The components can show zero resolution in any of the individual runs and still be "virtually resolved", provided that in at least one experiment, coelution with the exact same component does not occur. Obviously the chances of this coelution occurring decrease considerably with each additional experiment, provided that the new experiment can be expected to display markedly different chromatographic behavior. The number of "dimensions" that can be applied to the problem is limited only by the number of orthogonal condition sets that can be designed. The benefits of this approach, n-Dimensional MAP Chromatography (NDMC), over conventional multidimensional chromatography are clear—standard instruments can be used, and the data collected is considerably smaller, while still containing spectral information for each component. This paper will discuss the application of 3D and 6D NDMC to various complex samples, discussing practical limitations to the approach in general, as well as to the extraction of spectral and quantitative data.

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